PLANT OF THE MONTH: Blackthorn

Latin Name: Prunus spinosa

Height: up to 4m

Conservation status: Common

Origin: native to UK and Europe

Blackthorn is a deciduous shrub with small, dark green, toothed, oval leaves which appear after the striking bloom of small white flowers, which emerge in February/ March. In autumn, the tree bears small dark blue-purple fruits known as sloes. It is also notable for its robust, sharp, woody spines which cover the plant providing very effective protection from herbivores. 

Culinary and Medicinal Uses

Blackthorn has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The flowers, bark, and berries each hold different medicinal properties. The flowers are often infused in teas to create a mild diuretic and laxative. The bark, known for its astringent qualities, has been used to treat ailments such as diarrhoea and throat inflammations. Sloes, rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, are not only used in sloe gin and hedgerow jellies but as a remedy for digestive issues and to boost overall health. These fruits are traditionally harvested after the first frost, which helps reduce their natural bitterness.

Folklore and Mythology

The Blackthorn tree is steeped in folklore and myth. Often associated with protection and boundaries, it was traditionally planted in hedgerows and perimeters or as stock-fencing to form impenetrable barriers. In Celtic mythology, Blackthorn is linked to the dark half of the year, symbolizing strife and hardship, but also endurance and resilience. It was believed to ward off evil spirits and witches, with the dense thickets often thought to be portals to the fairy world. The wood of Blackthorn was also used to create magic wands and protective walking sticks.

Value to wildlife

Blackthorn provides critical habitat and food sources for many species. Its early blossoms are vital for pollinators such as bees and butterflies. Birds, including the Blackcap and Bullfinch, feed its buds and fruits, while also using the dense thickets as nesting sites. Mammals such as the Brown Hare and Hedgehog benefit from the cover it provides. Additionally, Blackthorn supports various moth and butterfly larvae, including the Black and Brown Hairstreak butterflies, making it an essential component of the UK's biodiversity as well as our landscape. 

Article created with the help of copilot generative AI.